Annotated Bibliography

1. Practical Action: Technology Challenging Poverty, Poverty reduction and technology, Practical Action: Technology Challenging Poverty, August 7, 2008, March 5, 2009, http://www.practicalaction.org/?id=technology_and_poverty. This website explains the different practical approaches to alleviating poverty through enabling the man and women of impoverished nations so that they may arise above poverty. There are semi-general steps that are presented in the article that I could include in my paper in order to show how technologies are working to alleviate poverty.
2. Sustainability challenges and solutions at the base of the pyramid business, technology and the poor(2008). . Sheffield UK: Greenleaf Pub. Ltd. This book is about a method of dealing with poverty called Base of the Pyramid. It incorporates globally the efforts of technology, sociology and business but it is mainly focused on how it all affects the poor. I will use this to show the different approaches to dealing with poverty, namely technology.
3. Katel, P. (2005, September 9). Ending poverty. CQ Researcher, 15, 733-760. Retrieved March 5, 2009, from CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2005090900. This article gives a general overview of what is been done and what is being done to help impoverished nations. I intend to use this articles statistical information of how much money is actually being used for foreign aid from countries around the world.
4. SIRS researcher, Overview, 2008, ProQuest LLC, March 12, 2009,
http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-sub-display?id=SUT0566-0-9510&res=Y&ren=N&gov=N&lnk=N&ic=N&keyno=0000020583&leadiss=Y&taglist=0000019907ART0000127535ART0000158011ART0000093656ART0000014917ART0000009029ART0000134149ART0000103771ART0000060963ART0000129688ART0000190942ART0000106564ART0000188146ART0000174133ART0000173899ART0000172771ART0000157087ART0000153144ART0000020963ART0000012347ART0000017340ART0000002263ART0000115974ART0000218930ART0000127657ART0000135944ART0000179143ART0000022080ART0000155478ART0000261038ART0000256281ART&auth_checked=Y. This article is a background information source that gives an overview of the subject of poverty. This includes the pros and cons. This article will give me the information needed to have a basic understanding for what it is I am writing about.
5. “Poverty”, Wikipedia , 2009, Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 12 March 2009, This article gives an overall description on poverty by discussing what it is, who it affects, what has been done about it and what is/can be done about it. This is another background information source that I intend to use for it’s statistical information.
6. Pro, Quest staff, Poverty Timeline, SIRS Knowledge Source, 2009, March 5, 2009,
http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SUT0566-0-9510&artno=0000272016&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=&title=Poverty%20Timeline&res=Y&ren=N&gov=N&lnk=N&ic=N. This source gives a numerical time line that shows the development of poverty in America. I intend to use this source to compare the poverty experienced in America compared to that of African countries.
7. MATTOO, A., & SUBRAMANIAN, A. (2004). The WTO and the poorest countries: The stark reality. World Trade Review, 3(03), 1, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=266545. This article discusses the influence the worlds most impoverished countries has on the World Trade Organization (WTO). I intend to use this when discussing how poverty affects other countries around the world.

Bibliography

Critser, Greg. Fat Land: How Americans Became the Fattest People in the World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004.

Danowski, T. S. "Obesity." Encyclopedia Americana. 2009. Grolier Online. 12 Mar. 2009 <http://ea.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0292260-00>.

Dixon, Jane. The Seven Deadly Sins of Obesity: How the Modern World is Making us Fat. Sidney: UNSW Press, 2007.

Fauber, John, and Mark Johnson. “Super-Size Problem: American’s Struggle with Obesity.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel July 28, 2003. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 12 March 2009 < http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SUT0566-0-9510&artno=0000173558&type= ART&shfilter= U&key=obesity&title=Super%2DSize%20Problem%3A%20Americans%27%20Struggle%20with%20Obesity%2E%2E%2E&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N>

Flamenbaum, Richard k. Global Dimensions of Childhood Obesity. New York: Nora Science Publishers, 2007.

Gebel, Erika. “Obesity Becoming Worldwide Health Threat.” America.gov Press Release July 18, 2008. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 12 March 2009 < http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SUT0566-0-9510&artno=0000280587&type= ART&shfilter=U&key=obesity%20global&title=Obesity%20Becoming%20Worldwide%20Health%20Threat&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N>

Greenblatt, Alan. "Obesity Epidemic." CQ Researcher 13.4 (2003): 73-104. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 12 Mar. 2009 <http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2003013100>.

Macleod, Calum. “China Wrestles with Growing Obesity.” USA Today Dec 18, 2008. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 12 March 2009 < http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SUT0566-0-9510&artno=0000290189&type= ART&shfilter=U&key= obesity%20europe&title=China%20Wrestles%20with%20Growing%20Obesity&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N>

"Obesity." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 Mar. 2009
<http://search.eb.com/eb/article-279333>.

"Obesity." Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. EBSCO. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 12 Mar. 2009
<https://www.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/remoteauth.pl?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=funk&AN=OB002200&site=ehost-live&scope=site>.

ProQuest Staff. “Obesity Timeline.” Leading Issues Timelines 2009. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 12 March 2009
< http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SUT0566-0-9510&artno=0000262090&type=ART&shfilter=U&key= obesity&title=Obesity%20Timeline&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N>

Rigby, Neville, and Jeremy Preston. “The Debate: Advertising to Children.” Ecologist April 2004. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 12 March 2009 < http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SUT0566-0-9510&artno=0000186735&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=obesity&title=The%20Debate%3A%20Advertising%20to%20Children&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N>

Ruskin, Gary. “The Fast Food Trap.” Mothering No. 121 Nov./Dec. 2003. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 12 March 2009 <http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SUT0566-0-9510&artno=0000181567&type=ART&shfilter= U&key=obesity&title=The%20Fast%20Food%20Trap&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N>

Tanner, Lindsey. “Report: Obesity to Lower U.S. Life Span.” Lincoln Courier March 16, 2005. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 12 March 2009 < http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SUT0566-0-9510&artno=0000211011&type= ART&shfilter=U&key=obesity&title=Report%3A%20Obesity%20to%20Lower%20U%2ES%2E%20Life%20Span&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N>

Walsh, Bryan. “America the Fit: It’s Not Just Genetics.” Time Vol. 171, No. 25 June 23, 2008. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 12 March 2009 < http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SUT0566-0-9510&artno=0000279906&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=obesity&title=America%20the%20Fit%3A%20It%27s%20Not%20Just%20Genetics&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N>

AIDS Bibliography

Cooper, Mary H. "Combating AIDS." CQ Researcher 5.15 (1995): 345-368. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Your library's name, city, state abbreviation. 12 Mar. 2009 http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre1995042100.


Cooper, Mary H. "Women and AIDS." CQ Researcher 2.48 (1992): 1121-1144. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Your library's name, city, state abbreviation. 12 Mar. 2009 http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre1992122500.


Bristol, Nellie. "Battling HIV/AIDS." CQ Researcher 17.38 (2007): 889-912. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Your library's name, city, state abbreviation. 12 Mar. 2009 http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2007102600.


Masci, David. "Global AIDS Crisis." CQ Researcher 10.35 (2000): 809-832. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Your library's name, city, state abbreviation. 12 Mar. 2009 .

Annotated Bibliography

Billitteri, Thomas J. "Domestic Poverty." CQ Researcher 17.31 (2007): 721-744. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Your library's name, city, state abbreviation. 5 Mar. 2009 .
Good background source that presents many topics related to poverty in a fair and balanced perspective. Also presents counterarguments, the viewpoints of prominent political parties and possible solutions to the problems of poverty.

Brady, David. "Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty." Social Forces 81.3 (2003): 715-51.
Examines reasons why the current U.S. poverty line does not work, but also why it is necessary. It also discusses several ways to improve the current measure of poverty in the United States

Chambers, Donald E. "The U.S. Poverty Line: A Time for Change." Social work 27.4 (1982): 354-8.
The poverty line has not helped to track the changes in the level of poverty nor the distribution of welfare, but rather has had negative effects. Though this source is old it gives a good history of poverty, a good list of problems presented by poverty, and a solution to the problem.

Edward, Peter. "The Ethical Poverty Line: A Moral Quantification of Absolute Poverty." Third World Quarterly 27.2 (2006): 377-93.
This article includes how the world’s poverty line is changing and how that affects the poverty of the United States especially those in extreme poverty. The poverty line should be established world wide to ensure equality.

"Experts Try to make Sense of U.S. Poverty Rates." New York Amsterdam News 92.29 (2001): 18.
Focuses on solving poverty by increasing public education and awareness of poverty in the United States. Children and Immigrants are affected the most by poverty.

Glennerster, Howard. "United States Poverty Studies and Poverty Measurement: The Past Twenty-Five Years." The Social service review 76.1, 75th Anniversary Issue (2002): 83-107.
The poverty line has remained relatively unchanged in the last twenty-five years and was calculated by deficient means. Also examines the way the United States researches poverty and how that research affects the United States’ poverty policy for other nations.

Krueger, Alan B. "After 40 Years, what are some Results and Lessons of America's War on Poverty?" New York Times Jan 8 2004: C.2.
An in depth analysis of the poverty trends of different groups over the last forty years. Suggests that a new definition of poverty is in order. The current definition does not take into account the benefits given by the government.

"The Other America Poverty Grows for Fourth Straight Year. (Cover Story)." Current Events 105.9 (2005): 1-3.
Compares the current poverty levels to the great depression. Describes how the government determines the level of poverty “by the numbers.”

"The Poor Stay Poor." American City & County 123.1 (2008): 18-9.
A question and answer article of how San Antonio has tried to increase public awareness of resources available of the impoverished. Simulations are done by wealthy individuals so that they understand the problems facing the poor.

Rank, Mark R., and Thomas A. Hirschl. "Rags Or Riches? Estimating the Probabilities of Poverty and Affluence Across the Adult American Life Span." Social Science Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited) 82.4 (2001): 651.
Estimates the probability of an adult American to experience poverty in his lifetime. The government definition of poverty is used to show that more than half of all Americans will experience poverty in their lifetime.

Rosenstein, Robert, and Riva Atlas. "Just the Facts." Forbes 150.6 (1992): 271-.

Scheiber, Noam. "Poverty Line." New Republic 233.12 (2005): 6-.
Katrina has increased U.S. awareness of poverty. This article describes how Katrina has reopened the path for debate in government on how poverty is handled.

Seccombe, Karen. "Families in Poverty in the 1990s: Trends, Causes, Consequences, and Lessons Learned." Journal of Marriage and the Family 62.4 (2000): 1094-113.
Though economics during the nineties were great the poverty line saw no change. This article provides a history of the poverty line, poverty research, and why the poverty level saw no change during this prosperous period.

Shatzkin, Kate. "Old Poverty Line Inadequate to Reflect Today's Family Needs Experts Struggle to Find an Alternative." The Sun Sep 13 2000: 1.A.
If the poverty line were to change it would place greater demand on government programs. The poverty line, the way it is, no longer reflects who is poor in America.

Spriggs, William E. "Poverty in America: The Poor are Getting Poorer." Crisis (15591573) 113.1 (2006): 14-9.
Shows how Katrina has brought poverty to the forefront in America. Determines who is poor in America especially among the black and Hispanic minorities.

Racial Profiling Works Cited

Del Carmen, Alejandro. Racial Profiling in America. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008.

Derbyshire, John. "In Defense of Racial Profiling." National Review 53.3 (2001): 38-40.

Drakulich, Kevin M. "But is it Racial Profiling? Policing, Pretext Stops, and the Color of Suspicion." Contemporary Sociology 38.1 (2009): 38-9.

Gabbidon, Shaun L., et al. "The Consumer Racial Profiling Experiences of Black Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: An Exploratory Study." Journal of Criminal Justice 36.4 (2008): 354-61.

Glover, Karen S. "Police Discourse on Racial Profiling." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 23.3 (2007): 239-47.

Harcourt, Bernard E. Against Prediction: Profiling, Policing, and Punishing in an Actuarial Age. Chicago: University of Chicago P, 2007.

Higgins, George E. "Racial Profiling." Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 6.1 (2008): 1-2.

Jost, Kenneth. "Policing the Police." CQ Researcher 10.10 (2000): 209-240. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Your library's name, city, state abbreviation. 6 Mar. 2009 .

Leading Issues: Racial Profiling. ProQuest LLC. 2008. . 11 Mar. 2009.

Pampel, Fred C. Racial Profiling. New York, NY: Facts On File, Inc., 2004.

PICKERILL, J. MITCHELL, CLAYTON MOSHER, and TRAVIS PRATT. "Search and Seizure, Racial Profiling, and Traffic Stops: A Disparate Impact Framework." Law & Policy 31.1 (2009): 1-30.

"Racial Profiling in Airport Security no Better than Random Screening." New Scientist 201.2694 (2009): 7-.

Racially Biased Policing: Determinants of Citizen Perceptions Ronald Weitzer, Steven A. Tuch Social Forces, Vol. 83, No. 3 (Mar., 2005), pp. 1009-1030 Published by: University of North Carolina Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3598267

Reitzel, John, and Alex R. Piquero. "Does it Exist? Studying Citizens' Attitudes of Racial Profiling." Police Quarterly 9.2 (2006): 161-83.

Romero, Mary. "Racial Profiling and Immigration Law Enforcement: Rounding Up of Usual Suspects in the Latino Community." Critical Sociology 32.2 (2006): 447-73.

Schott, Richard G. "The Role of Race in Law Enforcement Racial Profiling Or Legitimate use?" FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 70.11 (2001): 24.

Tillyer, Rob, Robin S. Engel, and John Wooldredge. "The Intersection of Racial Profiling Research and the Law." Journal of Criminal Justice 36.2 (2008): 138-53.

Vito, Gennaro F., and William F. Walsh. "Suspicion and Traffic Stops: Crime Control Or Racial Profiling." International Journal of Police Science & Management 10.1 (2008): 89-100.

bibliogrpahy

Hagan, J., W. Rymond-Richmond, and P. Parker. "The Criminology of Genocide: The Death and Rape of Darfur." Criminology 43.3 (2005): 525-62.

Leaning, J. "Diagnosing Genocide-the Case of Darfur." New England Journal of Medicine 351.8 (2004): 735-8.

Kasfir, N. "Sudan’s Darfur: Is it Genocide." Current History 104.682 (2005): 195–202.

Kristof, Nicholas. "The Shame of Darfur." The Wilson Quarterly 30.2 (2006): 77.

Marquand, Robert. "Why Genocide is Difficult to Prosecute." Christian Science Monitor (2007).

Mills, Kurt. "Which Responsibility in Darfur?" Peace Review 20.2 (2008): 175.

Moszynski, Peter. "Doctor from Sudan Describes "Hell on Earth" Following Rape and Assault in Darfur." British medical journal 337.7663 (2008): 198.

Murphey, Dwight D. ""do Something about Darfur": A Review of the Complexities." The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies 33.2 (2008): 229.

Reeves, Eric. "Failure to Protect: International Response to Darfur Genocide." Harvard International Review 29.4 (2008): 84.

Eric Reeves. "Watching Genocide, Doing Nothing: The Final Betrayal of Darfur." 53.4 (2006): 5.

Ryle, J. "The Disaster in Darfur." New York Review of Books 51.13 (2004): 55-9.

Straus, Scott. "A Long Day's Dying: Critical Moments in the Darfur Genocide." African Studies Review 51.2 (2008): 180.

Scott Straus. "Darfur and the Genocide Debate." ¬Foreign Affairs 84.1 (2005): 123-33

Waal, Alex De. "Darfur and the Failure of the Responsibility to Protect." International Affairs 83.6 (2007): 1039.

Bibliography

"Sea Pollution :: Environmental Facts :: Young People's Trust for the Environment." Young People's Trust for the Environment - Information for Kids on Climate change and other environmental facts and charities. 12 Mar. 2009 http://www.ypte.org.uk/environmental/sea-pollution/36.

Bettelheim, Adriel. "Coastal Development." CQ Researcher 8.31 (1998): 721-744. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Your library's name, city, state abbreviation. 5 Mar. 2009 <http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre1998082100>.

Hinrichsen, Don. Coastal Waters of the World Trends, Threats, and Strategies. Washington D.C.: Island Press, 1998.

Griffin, Rodman D. "Threatened Coastlines." CQ Researcher 2.5 (1992): 97-120. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Your library's name, city, state abbreviation. 5 Mar. 2009 <http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre1992020700>.

Millemann, Beth. And Two if by Sea Fighting the Attack on America's Coasts ; a Citizen's Guide to the Coastal Zone Management Act and Other Coastal Laws. Washington D.C.: Coast Alliance Inc., 1986.

Michael, David, Mindy, and Neil. "Water Pollution." Oracle ThinkQuest Library. 1999. Thinkquest. 12 Mar. 2009 http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/water_pollution.html.

Miers, Jackie. "Marine or Ocean Pollution." Teachers on the Web. 2006. 12 Mar. 2009 http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/jmresources/seaweek/links.htm.

Sindermann, Carl J. Ocean Pollution Effects on Living Resources and Humans (Marine Science Series). Null: CRC, 1995.

Anderson, Donald M. "WHOI : Oceanus : The Coastal Ocean Institute." Home : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 9 Mar. 2009. Oceanus. 12 Mar. 2009 .

Tagholm, Hugo. Surfers Against Sewage - Not just Surfers, Not just Sewage. 2009. Surfers Against Sewage. 12 Mar. 2009 .

sources and annotations

Absar, Syeda Sharmin. "Health Hazards and Labour Laws in Bangladesh: A Narrative-Based Study on Women Garment Workers." Asian Journal of Social Science 31.3 (2003): 452-77.

This article talks about the labor laws governing workers in Bangladesh and how workers there have rights that are being violated. The workers either do not know about their rights or are afraid to speak up. This article will help me show the foreign side of sweatshops in my paper.

Bonacich, Edna. "Latino Immigrant Workers in the Los Angeles Apparel Industry." New Political Science 20.4 (1998): 459.

Most of the garment industry is moving towards foreign labor because it is cheaper, but Los Angeles is the exception. Los Angeles has access to many undocumented immigrants that are willing to work for cheap in the apparel industry. The article gives an overview of the conditions these Latinos work in. This will help me get more information about sweatshops in American; I can then use this information to compare it to foreign sweatshops.

Chan, Anita and Senser, Robert A. “China’s Torubled Workers.” Foreign Affairs. March/April 1997: 104-117. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 3/11/2009.

This article gives a basic summary of labor conditions in China. Those that work in Chinese sweatshops are exposed to harsh rules, minor pay, and brutal physical punishment. This source helped me understand the conditions in foreign sweatshops; it helped me compare foreign to domestic conditions.

Chan, Jacqueline, et al. "Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders in Garment Workers: Preliminary Results regarding Ergonomics Risk Factors and Proposed Interventions among Sewing Machine Operators in the San Francisco Bay Area." Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene 17.4 (2002): 247-53.

This source talks about the dangers of doing the highly repetitive tasks required of workers in the garment industry. It gives suggestions for improvements in the workstation that could reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. I could some of this to establish the dangers of the industry, but I think some of it (i.e. the suggestions) are probably irrelevant to my argument.

Clark, Charles S. "Child Labor and Sweatshops." CQ Researcher: 721-744. CQ Researcher Online. 3/10/2009.

This article gives an overview of sweatshop labor. It talks about how there are companies in America that have the same working conditions as foreign sweatshops, the companies that support/violate the ban on child/sweatshop labor, and the history/current situation of the issue. This source helped me get a basic background of the issue and promoted my interest in researching the conditions of domestic versus foreign sweatshops.

Clinton, Bill. "Remarks Announcing Measures to Improve Working Conditions in the Apparel Industry and an Exchange." Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 32.31 (1996): 1389.

This was an address that Bill Clinton gave when he was president concerning labor conditions in the United States as well as abroad. He tells the press what the government plans to do concerning the labor issue. I think this information will help me establish the kairos of my paper.

Faulk, William B. “Dirty Little Secrets.” Newsday. June 16 1990: A5+. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 3/11/2009.

Shows how the crackdown on foreign labor led to increase in domestic sweatshops and also gives statistics for price of increasing labor wages and their effect of retail cost. This will help me show the connections between foreign and domestic labor.

Ho, Laura, Catherine Powell, and Leti Volpp. "(Dis)Assembling Rights of Women Workers Along the Global Assembly Line: Human Rights and the Garment Industry." Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 31.2 (1996): 383-414.

This article says that US garment workers have primarily been female immigrants. The article argues that companies have switched from domestic to foreign labor in an effort to reduce production costs, which makes it hard for female workers in the US to get work. This will help me make connections between foreign and domestic labor and might also help me address opposing viewpoints.

Houghteling, Charlotte. "Sweat and Tears." Harvard International Review 21.4 (1999): 10.

This article documents student activism to reduce sweatshop labor and pressure companies into giving their workers a living wage. It also talks about the moves companies have made to make amends with their workers. This will help me address what can be done regarding labor issues (both domestic and foreign).

Marino, Vivian. “Trying to Make Work ‘No Sweat’.” Wichita Eagle. June 23, 1996: B1+. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 3/11/2009

This article portrays the efforts of companies to distance themselves form sweatshops. It emphasizes the obstacles that companies face in doing so (such as keeping production and retail cost low). This will help me address counterarguments in my paper.

"Scenes from the Garment Industry, Early 2000s." Chinese America: History & Perspectives (2008): 63.

Wins garment workers in San Francisco demand getting back wages that the company own them. They also demand support and regulation of labor laws. This will help me demonstrate the controversy regarding labor issues in America.

Soldatenko, María Angelina. "Made in the Usa: Latinas/os?, Garment Work and Ethnic Conflict in Los Angeles' Sweat Shops." Cultural Studies 13.2 (1999): 319-34.

Latinas working in the Los Angeles garment industry experience “third world” labor conditions such as meager pay and withholding of payment. It also argues that differences in ethnicities foster conflict in the workplace. This could help me establish how specific problems in the domestic workplace differ in comparison to foreign labor.

"Study Finds Neck, Back Injuries Common for Garment Workers." Safety & Health 164.3 (2001): 33.

This study examines industrial safety of workers in the clothing industry in Sacramento, California. It documents that because of the their monotonous, routine tasks they often suffer head/neck/back injuries. I will use this to establish the dangers of working in sweatshop conditions, both foreign and domestic.

“sweatshop.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 11 Mar. 2009. <http://search.eb.com.erl.lib.byu.edu/eb/article-9070615.>

This article defines what it means to be a sweatshop and the history of sweatshop labor. I will use this as background information and to set up context in my paper.

Bibliography

Clark, Caroline Clayton. Film Families the Portrayal of the Family in Teen Films from 1980 to 2007., 2008.

Dixon, Wheeler W. A Short History of Film. New Brunswick N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2008.

Dargis, Manohla, and A. O. Scott. "How the Movies Made a President." The New York Times 18 Jan. 2009, AR sec.: 1.

Donaldson-Evans, Catherine. "FOXNews.com - G.I. Joe to Become Global Task Force in Movie - Celebrity Gossip Entertainment News Arts And Entertainment." FOXNews.com. 7 Sept. 2007. FOX Broadcasting. 10 Mar. 2009 http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,296054,00.html.

Crawford, Beverly, and James Martel. "Representations of Germans and what Germans represent: American Film Images and Public Perceptions in the Postwar Era." Transatlantic Images and Perceptions Germany and America since 1776 (Publications of the German Historical Institute). New York: Cambridge UP, 1997. 285-308.

Carmichael, Michael. "Propaganda and the Politics of Perception." GlobalResearch.ca - Centre for Research on Globalization. 12 Mar. 2007. 10 Mar. 2009 http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=5058.

"The Perception of the American Experience is a global commodity with real fiscal consequences the world over." Interview with Sujewa Ekanayake. Diyfilmmaker. 19 Mar. 2008. 8 Mar. 2009 http://diyfilmmaker.blogspot.com/2008/03/perception-of-american-experience-is.html.

Moran, Albert. Film Policy International, National, and Regional Perspectives (Culture, Policy, and Politics). New York: Routledge, 1996.

Tu, Haijing. "Foreign Language Films Among Young Americans: A Study of Exposure and Attitude" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 21, 2008 . 2009-02-03 http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p230170_index.html

"cultural globalization." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 Mar. 2009 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1357503/cultural-globalization>.

Annotated Bibliography

Abrahamson, Dean, and Johan Swahn. "The Political Atom." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 56.4 (2000): 39.
This article talks about the negative impacts of nuclear power namely, the radiation pollution, the natural distrust of nuclear materials, how much waste is created and how safe these plants are. These are the main focuses of all anti-nuclear activists. This article goes in depth on how to reduce the effects and make nuclear energy more desirable. This article will be great to find out the negative effects of nuclear waste. I can use these points and then pose counter arguments to prove the truthfulness of my thesis.

Cooper, Mary H. "Energy and the Environment." CQ Researcher: 161-184. CQ Researcher Online. 3/11/2009.
This article has great information on the two sides of the debate for nuclear power. Some fear nuclear power is dangerous and should not be used, while others see the great benefits and efficiency and want to increase nuclear use. I will use article to gathering information to make my own statement on the issue. With knowledge of both sides, it will be easier to take a stance.

Griffin, Rodman D. "Nuclear Fusion." CQ Researcher: 49-72. CQ Researcher Online. 3/11/2009.

This article talks about how amazing nuclear fission is. It creates huge amounts of power and does not cause damage to environment. However, after years of working, fusion reactors are still not stable. Scientists think in 50 years they might have a breakthrough. This will solve all of our energy problems. I will use this article maybe in my conclusion and talk about if we can use nuclear fusion, they environmental damage will be gone.

Hansen, Brian. "Nuclear Waste." CQ Researcher: 489-504. CQ Researcher Online. 3/11/2009.

This article talks about the potential hazard Yucca Mountain in Nevada could cause in the future. Some fear it is not safe, others deem it necessary. There are 100’s of deposits cites around the nation, Yucca is just the largest. This article will be used in the body portion of the paper to talk about the negative aspects of nuclear power, namely the waste.

Lake, James A. “The Renaissance of Nuclear Energy.”Economic Perspectives 20 (2006): 14-18.

This article talks about the growing demand for energy and the damage fossil fuel has on the environment. It explains that nuclear power is the answer to this dilemma. There are new forms of reactors that create more energy and don’t cause as much damage to the ozone. Very-High-Temperature Reactor is one of these models. I will use this article is basing my argument that there needs to be a new form of energy that is more efficient and less damaging.

Levi, Daniel J., and Elaine E. Holder. "Psychological Factors in the Nuclear Power Controversy." Political Psychology 9.3 (1988): 445-57.

This is journal that studies the psychological effects of living near a nuclear power plant. This study was done by the Diablo Canyon plant in California. It explains that because of lack of knowledge of nuclear power, people fear it. The journal goes on to propose that really if better information was given, people would be more accepting to nuclear power. I will use this book in the body of the paper talking about the effects nuclear power has on its surroundings. This will be a very credible source.

Mossman, Kenneth L. "Restructuring Nuclear Regulations." Environmental health perspectives 111.1 (2003): 13-7.
This journal talks about the regulations that have been put on nuclear power plants because of past public fear of the energy. Many fear the danger of nuclear power and have thus causes strict regulations to be made, making the efficiency of nuclear power less prevalent. The journal wants to loosen these strict “social” regulations to let nuclear power works to its full potential. This journal will be a great background source to learn what past regulations have been made and what has changed today.

"Nuclear Hot Streak Continues." Power 150.4 (2006): 7-8.
This is a pro-nuclear article that talks in great detail the amount of energy nuclear power makes compared to alternate sources. The article wants to increase the number of plants so that the country can see the benefits. Currently there are not enough plants to see a huge efficiency. Nuclear power has the highest capacity to make energy, but there are not enough built. I will use this article by quoting the amount of energy that is produced in these plants. This will verify that nuclear power really is the superior method of power.

“Nuclear Power.” Wikipedia. 2009. .

This is very general and broad background source. It talks about the origin and beginnings nuclear power and then talks about the life cycle of nuclear products, the waste that is made after use and also the debate about using this form of energy. This source will most likely not be used in the paper, but will give me incite on where to go for further research. I can grasp a general knowledge through this cite. This will be very helpful in starting my paper.

Rusher, William. "The Answer is Nuclear Power." Human Events 57.20 (2001): 10.

This article is pro-nuclear power. It gives evidence that in 2001 blackouts in California could have been solved if more nuclear power had been used. The proposal in the article is thus to build more plants to fuel the nation. This article will be a great one to use is supporting my thesis of building more nuclear plants. The examples they use will be helpful in my paper as well.

Sjoberg, Lennart. "Explaining Individual Risk Perception: The Case of Nuclear Waste." Risk Management 6.1 (2004): 51-64.
This article explains that really the fear and threat of nuclear waste is all psychological. Really there is not much to fear, because these waste products are sealed and are deep underground. The central focus is proving that this fear is false and that we much not be misled. This source may be biased somewhat, but it will be a good counter argument that really the fear of nuclear waste is not a problem. This is what many who denounce nuclear power use in their argument. With this book I can prove them wrong.

Solon, Leonard R. "Nuclear Power: Proliferation and Public Health." Ambio 11.1 (1982): 15-9.

This journal talks about the negative effects of nuclear power. There are 762 plants the amount of possible weapons made is 20,000. The argument is that this poses great risk for the US. Thus, there should be a deactivation of many of these plants to decrease the effects of proliferation. I will use this journal as a source in my argument against nuclear power. This will back up my statements with verifiable facts.

Taylor, John J. "The Nuclear Power Bargain." Issues in Science & Technology 20.3 (2004): 4-7.
This is another pro-nuclear article. It talks about the positive effects nuclear power has had on other countries and then it talks about the proliferation of nuclear power. The main argument is that with more nuclear power and weaponry, the US will appear even stronger than before. I possible might use this article, but it seems to be bias towards nuclear weapons ruling the world. The examples of other countries could be useful.

Weeks, Jennifer. "Nuclear Energy." CQ Researcher: 217-240. CQ Researcher Online. 3/11/2009.

This is a very great background source that talks about how nuclear power plants can bring huge amounts of energy to communities previously unavailable. Nuclear power plants around the nation are becoming cleaner and more efficient. Increased use is planned for the future. This article will be very useful in the introduction and body paragraphs. The information is general but will be very insightful.

Whitford, David. “Going Nuclear.” Fortune 156.3 (2007): 42-87.

This article talks about the reality that nuclear energy is not being used in the US to its full potential, lagging behind electrical and coal outputs of energy. The article argues that really the negative effects of nuclear power are out of proportion and that nuclear power should be utilized more. I will use this article in talking about the negative aspects such as the Three Mile Island incident and then explain that these aspects don’t compare to the benefits nuclear power bring to the US economy.

Bibliography

Baily, Martin Neil, and Robert Z. Lawrence. "What Happened to the Great U.S. Job Machine? the Role of Trade and Electronic Offshoring." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2004.2 (2004): 211-70.

Bhagwati, Jagdish, Arvind Panagariya, and T. N. Srinivasan. "The Muddles Over Outsourcing." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 18.4 (2004): 93-114.

Brainard, Lael, and Susan M. Collins. "Offshoring White-Collar Work: Editors' Summary." Brookings Trade Forum., Offshoring White-Collar Work (2005): ix-xxx.

Brainard, Lael, et al. "A Fairer Deal for America's Workers in a New Era of Offshoring [with Comment and Discussion]." Brookings Trade Forum., Offshoring White-Collar Work (2005): 427-56.

Catherine J. Morrison Paul, and Donald S. Siegel. "The Impacts of Technology, Trade and Outsourcing on Employment and Labor Composition." The Scandinavian Journal of Economics 103.2 (2001): 241-64.

Drezner, Daniel W. "The Outsourcing Bogeyman." Foreign Affairs 83.3 (2004): 22-34.

Feenstra, Robert C., and Gordon H. Hanson. "Globalization, Outsourcing, and Wage Inequality." The American Economic Review 86.2, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundredth and Eighth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association San Francisco, CA, January 5-7, 1996 (1996): 240-5.

---. "Globalization, Outsourcing, and Wage Inequality." The American Economic Review 86.2, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundredth and Eighth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association San Francisco, CA, January 5-7, 1996 (1996): 240-5.

Gale, S. "No Longer Stigmatized by the "U" Word, Laid-Off Workers Get a Chance." Workforce Management 82.12 (2003): 81-3.

Insinga, Richard C., and Michael J. Werle. "Linking Outsourcing to Business Strategy." The Academy of Management Executive (1993) 14.4, Themes: Strategy, Culture, and Change (2000): 58-70.

Levina, Natalia, and Jeanne W. Ross. "From the Vendor's Perspective: Exploring the Value Proposition in Information Technology Outsourcing." MIS Quarterly 27.3 (2003): 331-64.

"Mergers Transforming Outsourced Training." Workforce Management 85.24 (2006): 70-.

Myers, Sandra. "Career Transition Education Resources." Great Neck Publishing, 2008. 1-1.

Singer, P. W. "Outsourcing War." Foreign Affairs 84.2 (2005): 119-32.

"Training Outsourcing to Exceed $1 Billion in 2007." Corporate Training & Development Advisor 12.5 (2007): 5-7.

Pro Sweatshop Bibliography

Adamsick, Claire. "Don’t Sweat It, Global Envision." Global Envision | The Confluence of Global Markets and Poverty Alleviation. 7 Nov. 2003. 12 Mar. 2009 .

Arnold, Denis G. and Hartman, Laura P.,Beyond Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour Practices. Business Ethics: A European Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 206-222, July 2005. Available at SSRN:

The Debate over Corporate Social Responsibility. New York: Oxford University Press, USA, 2007.

Einwohner, Rachel L., and J. William Spencer. "“That's how we do Things here: Local Culture and the Construction of Sweatshops and Anti-Sweatshop Activism in Two Campus Communities”." Sociological Inquiry 75.2 (2005): 249-72.

Frager, Ruth A. "Sweatshop USA: The American Sweatshop in Historical and Global Perspective (Book)." American Historical Review 109.4 (2004): 1207-8.

Greenwald, Richard A.. Sweatshop USA: The American Sweatshop in Historical and Global Perspective. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Jenkins, Allan. "What would You do?" Communication World 20.3 (2003): 14.

Leeson, Peter T. and Hall, Joshua,Good for the Goose, Bad for the Gander: International Labor Standards and Comparative Development. Journal of Labor Research, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN:

Leseure, Michel. "Offshore Factories and Economic Development: Is there a Path from Sweatshops to Indigenous Innovation?" Journal of African Business 9.1 (2008): 145-65.

Manheimer, Ann. At Issue Series - Child Labor and Sweatshops (paperback edition) (At Issue Series). Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2005.

Myerson, Allen. "In Principle, a Case for More 'Sweatshops'." The New York Times 22 June 1997. 8 Mar. 2009 .

Powell, Benjamin, and David Skarbek. "Sweatshops and Third World Living Standards." Journal of Labor Research 27.2 (2006): 263-274. 8 Mar. 2009 .

Shliferstein, Jim. "Sweatshops? Don't Sweat It | The Cornell Daily Sun." The Cornell Daily Sun | Independent Since 1880. 22 Feb. 2006. 12 Mar. 2009 .

Varughese, Jerrin, Gillian Wurth, Todd McGannon, Stacey Bunn, and Jakob Lutz. "Can Sweatshop Conditions Be Justified By National Economic Development?." Flinders University. 8 Mar. 2009 .

Zwolinski, Matt. "Sweatshops, Choice, and Exploitation." Business Ethics Quarterly 17.4 (2007): 689-727.

Bibliography

Coleman, Joseph . "Japanese Fathers Learn a New Role: Dad; Parenting: Long known for a hands-off approach to child care, husbands are becoming more active in rearing the kids :[Bulldog Edition]. " Los Angeles Times [Los Angeles, Calif.] 23 Aug. 1998,4. Los Angeles Times. ProQuest. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 13 Mar. 2009 This newspaper article talks about a specific Japanese father who chose to stay home with his new baby for three months. I will use this to show how it is not impossible for Japanese fathers to change how they parent and how rewarding it is to spend as much time as possible with your children.

Crystal, David C., et al. “Psychological Maladjustment and Academic Achievement: A Cross-Cultural Study of Japanese, Chinese, and American High School Students.” Child Development. Vol. 65, No. 3 (1994): 738-753. This article talks about the different traits of high school students in these three countries. It will be helpful to establish what American and Japanese children are like as they get older based upon their family life growing up.

Diamond, Jared. “Japanese Roots.” Discover. (1998): 86-94. This article helps to understand where the Japanese people are coming from. It will be helpful because I can use it to provide information about how Japanese men father their children. It can also be helpful getting background information about the Japanese people and why they raise their children the way they do.

Easterbrooks, M. Ann, and Wendy A. Golberg. “Toddler Development in the Family: Impact of Father Involvement and Parenting Characteristics.” Child Development. Vol. 55, No. 3 (1984): 740-752. This article is dated and so it will probably work best as background information about how a father effects the child, specifically during the early years. This will help me build my argument on the United States side.

Erskine, Chris. "Man of the House by Chris Erskine; Call him Mr. October; The game's on the tube, the soup's on the stove. Life is good, fashion faux pas and all :[HOME EDITION]. " Los Angeles Times [Los Angeles, Calif.] 19 Oct. 2006,F.4. Los Angeles Times. ProQuest. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 13 Mar. 2009 This article was written by a father and describes how his days at home can go. I will use this article to help show the difference between the role of a father and the role of a mother and why fathers are so important in a child’s life.

Hamilton, Marshall L. Father's Influence on Children. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977. This article talks about the emotional and mental development of children because of how they interact with their fathers. This will help my paper have sufficient information about the importance of father involvement in a child’s life.

ISHII-KUNTZ, MASAKO. “Parental Involvement and Perception Toward Fathers’ Roles: “A Comparison Between Japan and the United States.”” Journal of Family Issues. Issue 15 (1994): 30-49. This will probably be the most helpful article because it specifically compares the two countries I am comparing. It talks about how the fathering skills differ from one country to the other.

Ishii-Kuntz U, et al. “Japanese Fathers of Preschoolers and Their Involvement in Child Care.” Journal of Marriage and Family. Vol. 66 Issue 3 (2004): 779-791. This talks specifically how Japanese fathers raise their young preschool children. This will help me establish more differences between American and Japanese fathers.

Koch, Kathy. "Fatherhood Movement." CQ Researcher 10.21 (2000): 473-496. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Your library's name, city, state abbreviation. 5 Mar. 2009 . This article talks about a push for more fathers to take time and energy in the home. This will give me background information about the importance of fathers in the home.

Kochanska, Grazyna. “Emotional Development in Children with Different Attachment Histories: The First Three Years.” Child Development. Vol. 72, No. 2 (2001): 474-490. This is a good neutral article which talks about how the different ways a child is raised effect the child emotionally. This will be very helpful to use to compare the information from the Japanese and the American fathers.

Maccoby, Eleanor E. “Parenting and its Effects on Children: On Reading and Misreading Behavior Genetics.” Annual Review of Psychology. Vol. 51 (2000): 1-27. This article is about how children are affected by the different parenting styles. This will help me to write about the different parenting styles and then compare them to the fathering styles specifically in Japan and the Unites States.

Parke, Ross D. “Development in the Family.” Annual Review of Psychology. Vol. 55 (2004): 365-399. This article is more specifically about the family as a whole and how development occurs in it. This will not be very good for specific information but will probably help with overall outcomes of fathering.

Sanger, David E. "Takatsuki Journal; In Japan's Astounding Future: Life With Father." 12 Nov. 1993. 12 Mar. 2009 . This article talked about how the Japanese government is trying to encourage Japanese fathers to be more prominent in their homes. This helps me to be able to establish that there is a problem with the fathering in Japan and even their government is recognizing it.

Stevenson, Harold W. Contexts of achievement : a study of American, Chinese, and Japanese Children. Chicago: University of Chicago P for the Society for Research in Child Development, 1990. This article analyzes the young children from these three countries and how they develop emotionally and mentally. This will be a direct outcome of how the children are raised, which includes how they are affected by their fathers.

Women's International Network News. “Marriage in Japan permanent and loveless.” Women’s International Network News. Vol. 22 Issue 2 (1996): 71. This is a short article about how many marriages are pre-arranged and therefore without love. This can help me establish problems with how Japanese children are raised.

Sex Slavery Bibliography

Clark, Charles S. "Sex, Violence and the Media." CQ Researcher 5.43 (1995): 1017-1040. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 5 Mar. 2009 .
This article highlights the affect that movies and T.V have on children, and presents the idea that after watching a character on a T.V show, children exhibit behavior similar to what they have watched. This source is relevant to my paper because it shows the effects that the media can have on the young mind and how through the media, a child may act out in a sexual way (such as a john towards a prostitute) because they have seen it shown on T.V. This article uses the example of the movie,
“Showgirls” in which a brutal rape scene is shown. This is quoted on page 2, paragraph three and states, “ The recent film “Showgirls”, which contains, among other things, a brutal rape scene and almost nonstop nudity, provides a scene that is grotesque and should not be experienced by anyone, let alone children.” (Pg 2, p 5) I plan to use this in my paper to show that because society has become accustomed to sexual ideas through the media, they are more likely to accept that behavior within their society (E.X. sex in general, or a john having sex with a sex slave).

Clemmitt, Marcia. "Prostitution Debate." CQ Researcher 18.19 (2008): 433-456. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 5 Mar. 2009 .
This article focuses on the recent resignation of the Ex- New York Governor Eliot Spitzer after being “outed” as a client of an escort service. Due to his recent resignation, this article focuses on the great debates on whether the johns, prostitutes, or both should be arrested when found guilty of prostitution. It gives great information on all the debates, and pros and cons about each of them. I plan to use the information both about the governor, and the debates in my paper to explain the facts in general and the different sides of this issue that are being examined at this time. I will also use it to show how prostitution leads to other things such as drugs, and violence, and can leave victims wounded for the rest of their life. The article states, “ The fierce debates rage about the best plan for limiting the harms of prostitution, which include drug addiction and minors being forced into sex work.” (Page 1, p 1)

Cooper, Mary H. "Women and Human Rights." CQ Researcher 9.16 (1999): 353-376. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 5 Mar. 2009 .
The overall argument of this journal is that a great deal of unnecessary inequality is shown towards women throughout the world, and that something should be done to stop the prostitution, female genital mutilation and violence that many women face. In the conclusion, it states that the way to do this is by educating people, and providing ways for women to stand up for themselves when they are faced with these situations. I can use this in my paper by describing some of the other mistreatments of women that happen due to sex slavery (e.g. genital mutilation, sexually transmitted disease, violence and drug use). I am planning on using this quote to show how sexually transmitted diseases are spreading because of prostitution; “More and more women and girls are being infected with HIV as a result of prostitution and rape.” (Pg 3)

Cooper, Mary H. "Women and AIDS." CQ Researcher 2.48 (1992): 1121-1144. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 11 Mar. 2009 .
The overall focus of this article is on the spread of AIDS throughout the world, and the amount of women that have been infected with AIDS against their will due to rape, or sexual exploitation. I plan to use this as another example of how sex slaves are subject to not only violence, but to a disease that could cost them their life; not to mention the many people in-between who will also be infected. I believe this will be a very strong point in my paper to show that AIDS is rampant here in America, and is partly due to prostitution and sex trafficking.

Glazer, Sarah. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases." CQ Researcher 14.42 (2004): 997-1020. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 11 Mar. 2009 .
The main focus of this article is on the spread of sexually transmitted disease throughout the U.S. It describes each of the diseases and the causes as to why such a high population is infected; one of these reasons is sex slavery. This will work well with my paper to show the terrible effects that sex slavery has on society as a whole due to it’s spreading of disease. Throughout the article, great statistics are given as to the amount of people infected with STDs and also the amount of prostitutes determined to be currently infected.

Hansen, Brian. "Children in Crisis." CQ Researcher 11.29 (2001): 657-688. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 5 Mar. 2009 .
This short article provides specific information about how America and Somalia are the only countries that have failed to help with children in poverty and by doing this many of these children are forced into prostitution in order to make a living. I plan to use this in my paper to show that many times, America believes sex slavery is something of a foreign nation, and therefore feel that nothing needs to be done about it because it is not affecting them. I also plan to include that sex slavery is not something just affecting teens and adults, but pimps are now turning to young children as their new prey.

Masci, David. "Human Trafficking and Slavery." CQ Researcher 14.12 (2004): 273-296. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, UT. 5 Mar. 2009 .
This article provides many true stories of people who have been affected by sex slavery, and describes many of the harsh (yet true) facts about sex slavery in the United States. I plan to use this article in an effort to help my audience picture the true brutality of sex slavery and the affect that it is having not only on the victims, but also the world as a whole. Although we may not be directly faced with it everyday, sex slavery is all around us and is taking the lives of young women and men everywhere. It leads to not only sexual exploitation, but the spread of disease, violence, and drug use. This article gives many facts, such as the amount that sex trafficking brings in each year, a number for how many are directly affected, and a number of how many will be affected in the future if precautions are not taken. “Trafficking people across the international borders has become a $12 billion a year global industry that touches virtually every country.” (Pg 2, p 5)

Books:
Ebbe, Obi N. Ignatius. Global Trafficking in Women and Children. Boca Raton FL: International Police Executive Symposium CRC Press, 2008.
This book provides a detailed insight to sex slavery and those who are affected throughout the world. It focuses on the brutality that is often shown to women and children due to sex slavery, and why things of this nature are allowed to go on in certain countries. This will provide very helpful information to my paper because it gives many great descriptions of who is involved in sex trafficking (age, race, gender, social status, etc.) and why they are affected. This will help to explain that it is not just those subject to low income and inequality that are affected, but also a great deal of wealthy middle class people as well.

Kara, Siddharth. Sex Trafficking Inside the Business of Modern Slavery. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.
This book provides insight for how sex slavery could be demolished by enforcing higher laws for other crimes related to prostitution. Many facts are provided that I can use in my paper such as, “ a woman or child is trafficked for sexual exploitation every 60 seconds.” These facts will provide great detail and help to strengthen the fact that sex slavery is connected with other crimes and that by catching these criminals and giving them a long term jail sentence for their smaller crimes, we could reduce the amount of violence and sex slavery throughout the world.

Wilson, Jeremy M. Human Trafficking in Ohio Markets, Responses, and Considerations. Santa Monica CA: RAND, 2007.
This book provides the inside account of human trafficking in Ohio and other places throughout the United States. This will help my paper by giving many examples that sex trafficking is in fact exhibited here in America and that it is all around us. They also give descriptions as to the women and girls who are subject to this behavior, and that a woman is not always forced to be a sex slave but sometimes does this as a means of making a living for herself. This is important because it provides a counter argument to my thesis and helps the reader to understand that not all prostitutes have been forced to sell themselves for sex but in fact do it willingly as a means of making a living.

Background Sources
Cohen, Susan. "Ominous Convergence: Sex Trafficking, Prostitution and International Family Planning." Guttmacher Institute. 2005. Guttmacher Institute. 11 Mar 2009 .
This source provides an outlook on the governments views on prostitution and how many times, it is due to them that this problem is allowed to go on. It also explains that due to the government’s lack of enforcement on sex slavery, sexually transmitted diseases have become rampant throughout the U.S. It states at one point, “Human trafficking follows roughly the same routes as weapons and narcotics. Left unchecked, human trafficking will become the most lucrative of these three criminal industries within ten years.” I plan to use this quote in my paper to show how sex slavery is affecting our society now, and the effects that it will have later if something is not done to prevent it.

Landesman, Peter. "The Girls Next Door." The New York Times 25 Jan. 2004: 1-12.
This newspaper article tells the true story of four girls found in a suburban New Jersey home that had been forced for years to be sex slaves. I plan to use this in my paper to show that sex slavery is all around us, and that it is something that is affecting us all no matter where we live, or what social class we may be a part of. It also gives a description of abortion drugs that the pimps had in case one of the girls became pregnant, these are illegal and yet another example of how sex slavery is associated with other crimes. In the house they found, “ morning after pills, and isoprostol (a medication that can induce abortion).”

May, Meredith. "Diary of a Sex Slave: Free But Trapped." San Francisco Chronicle 10 Oct. 2006: B2.
This article describes the story of one woman’s life who was told that if she came to the U.S she would make very good money waitressing, but when she got here she was met by a pimp at the airport and was forced to be a sex slave for 5 months. After paying off her debts to the pimp she left and joined another sex slavery ring to send money home to her family. Now that she is back home with her family she is making less money working in a diner as a waitress, but knows that she is free from the bonds of sex slavery. This story shows the reasons as to why someone may be forced into sex slavery in the first place, and why they may continue to work as one even after their “pimp” has set them free. I will use this in my paper to describe the other social reasons that women choose to go into sex slavery. Like this young girl, many are forced to do it against their will and then realize that they owe a great deal of money and have to work as a sex slave in order to pay off their debts.

Melanie, Welte S. "Former Iowa Official Charged in Prostitution Sting." Chicago Tribune 11 Mar. 2009: 1.
Like the former governor of New York, this Iowa official was also caught along with 13 other men as a “john”. This article focuses on the fact that sex slavery is rarely thought about until someone famous is found associated with it. I am going to use this in my paper for two reasons. One to show that it is people from all walks of life that are involved in this, and also to show that as a society we tend to ignore the fact that sex slavery is going on around us until someone of importance is caught visiting a prostitute or sex slave.

Powers, Kirsten. "Sex Slavery: America in Denial." New York Post 2 Mar. 2009: C3. This article talks of how America fails to realize the true destruction that is being done to our society due to prostitution and sex slavery. Many innocent American women and children are sold to men in other countries as their sex slaves, as many women from other countries are brought here to America to be sex slaves. This article focuses on one of the big ideas I am planning to have in my paper and talks about how, although this is going on all around us, we as Americans live as though it doesn’t happen here. This article gives statistics and many valuable facts that I can use to provide explanation for my thesis. It is my plan to use all this information as an example of how naive our society is and how the act of sex slavery is all around us, but yet our society fails to accept and prevent it.

Other:
Celizic, Mike. "Teen Re-accounts Horror of Abduction Into Sex Slavery." Today Show. MSNBC. New York City, New York. 13 Nov. 2008.
This program provided much information about sex slavery in general and the affect that it has on the victims, johns, and families. I plan to use this in my paper to focus on the effect that this has on the girls themselves, and how many times they are forced to participate in other criminal activities such as drug use against their will.

Leung, Rebecca. "Rescued From Sex Slavery." 48 Hours Mystery. CBS Broadcasting. New York City, New York. 23 Feb. 2005.
This is another program that showed many of the affects of sex slavery by sending a young girl undercover to work for a pimp. Although she did not participate in a sexual activity, she was auctioned and sold to a man in another country. This program, focused on the effects that sex slavery has on society and how many times these pimps threaten, beat, and kill their slaves and those around them. I plan on using this information as a way to give deeper explanation about sex slavery in general, and also to provide the true account of an undercover girl who experienced a small slice of what being a sex slave is like.

Pillai, Supriya, Meena Seshu, and Meena Shivdas. "Embracing the rights of people in prostitution and sex workers, to address HIV and AIDS effectively." Gender and Development 3rd ser. 16 (2008): 313-26.
This article talks about how pimps are very careless and many times fail to make their consumers take any precaution to protect both the consumer and the girl from receiving a sexually transmitted disease. Due to this fact, sexually transmitted diseases are on the rise throughout the United States and are being spread rampantly. I will use this to show the effects that this is having on our society and how innocent people are dying each day because of the lack of condom use among sex slaves.

I apologize for the formating.On my final draft all my sources are indented after the first line.